Quiz :
tense 38-1
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Please fill in the blanks.
Present
いま テレビを ( )。
I am watching TV.
つくえの うえに ほんが ( )。
There is a book on the desk.
わたしは いつも この パンを ( )。
I always buy this bread.
にほんじんは にほんごを ( )。
Japanese people speak Japanese.
きょうは ( )。
It’s cold today.
わたしは ( )。
I am a student.
Future
わたしは あした しんじゅくへ ( )。
I’m going to go to Shinjuku tomorrow.
らいしゅうは とうきょうに ( )。
I’ll be in Tokyo next week.
あしたは ( )。
I’m busy tomorrow.
てんきよほうによると、あしたは ( )。
According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.
Past
わたしは きのう ほんを ( )。
I bought a book yesterday.
わたしは ( )。
I was sleepy.
わたしは ( )。
I was 10 years old.
Present Perfect
おかねは もう ( )。
I have already paid.
その ほんは もう ( )。
I have already read that book
Grammar
action verb
Present | ... ています ... ていますか? ... ていません |
Future | ... ます ... ますか? ... ません |
Past | ... ました ... ましたか? ... ませんでした |
in general things happen repeatedly | ... ます ... ますか? ... ません |
Present Perfect | もう ... ました もう ... ましたか? まだ ... ていません |
Present
watashi [wa] ima kuruma [o] unten shite-imasu.
( I’m driving a car now. )
ima kuruma [o] unten shite-imasuka?
( Are you driving a car now? )
watashi [wa] kuruma [o] unten shite-imasen.
( I’m not driving a car now.
Future
ashita shinjuku [e] iki-masu.
( I’m going to Shinjuku tomorrow. )
kyō sūpā [e] iki-masuka?
( Are you going to a supermarket today? )
kyō [wa] sūpā [ewa] iki-masen.
( I’m not going to a supermarket today. )
Past
kinō [wa] ku-ji [ni] ne-mashita.
( I went to bed at 9 yesterday. )
kinō pan [o] kai-mashitaka?
( Did you buy bread yesterday? )
kinō kōhī [wa] nomi-masendeshita.
( I didn’t drink coffee yesterday. )
in general, things happen repeatedly
watashi [wa] maiasa shichi-ji [ni] oki-masu.
( I wake up at 7 every morning. )
nihonjin [wa] hashi [o] tsukai-masuka?
( Do Japanese people use chopsticks? )
satō-san [wa] niku [o] tabe-masen.
( Ms.Sato doesn’t eat meat. )
Present Perfect
Actually Japanese people don’t recognize difference between PAST and PRESENT PERFECT in their mind. However, ‘もう (mō)’ is often used together in the present perfect sentences to make it clear that it is complete. And in the negative form, using ‘まだ (mada)’ makes it clear whether it is PAST or PRESENT PERFECT.
shukudai [wa] mō shi-mashita.
( I’ve already done homework. )
shukudai [wa] mō shi-mashitaka?
( Have you already done homework? )
watashi [wa] mada shukudai [o] shite-imasen.
( I’ve not done my homework yet. )
stative verb
Present
eki [ni] ‘ATM’ [ga] ari-masu.
( There is an ATM at the station. )
eki [ni] ‘ATM’ [wa] ari-masuka?
( Is there an ATM at the station? )
eki [ni] ‘ATM’ [wa] ari-masen.
( There isn’t an ATM at the station. )
i-Adjective
Present Future | -いです -いですか? -くないです |
Past | -かったです -かったですか? -くなかったです |
Present・Future
Adjectives have the same form in the present and future tense
watashi [wa] atsui-desu.
( I’m hot now. )
ashita [wa] atsui-desuka?
( Is it going to be hot tomorrow? )
ima [wa] atsu-kunaidesu.
( I’m not hot now. )
Past
kinō [wa] samu-kattadesu.
( It was cold yesterday. )
kinō [wa] samu-kattadesuka?
( Was it cold yesterday? )
kinō [wa] samu-kunakattadesu.
( It wan not cold yesterday. )
na-Adjective
Present Future | -です -ですか? -じゃありません |
Past | -でした -でしたか? -じゃありませんでした |
Present・Future
watashi [wa] ima hima-desu.
( I have time now. )
ashita hima-desuka?
( Do you have time tomorrow? )
kyō [wa] hima-jaarimasen.
( I don’t have time today. )
Past
watashi [wa] sakana [ga] kirai-deshita.
( I didn’t like fish before. )
sono hoteru [wa] kirei-deshitaka?
( Was the hotel clean? )
gonen-mae [wa] kare [wa] yūmei-jaarimasendeshita.
( He wasn’t famous 5 years ago. )
Noun
Present Future | -です -ですか? -じゃありません |
Past | -でした -でしたか? -じゃありませんでした |
Present・Future
Nouns also have the same form in the present and future tense.
kare [wa] satō-san-desu.
( He’s Mr.Sato. )
ashita [wa] yasumi-desuka?
( Are you taking day off tomorrow? )
koko [wa] basutei-jaarimasen.
( This place is not a bus stop. )
Past
kinō [wa] ame-deshita.
( It rained yesterday. )
kinō [wa] ame-deshitaka?
( Did it rain yesterday? )
kinō [wa] ame-jaarimasendeshita.
( It didn’t rain yesterday. )
Let’s say in Japanese !
I’m studying now.
わたしは いま ( )。
I was listening to music.
わたしは おんがくを ( )。
Korean people speaks Korean.
かんこくじんは かんこくごを ( )。
I always take a bus.
わたしは いつも バスに ( )。
I’m going to work in Japan next year.
わたしは らいねん にほんで ( )。
I met Mr.Sato yesterday.
わたしは きのう さとうさんに ( )。
I’ve already ate dinner.
わたしは もう よるごはんを ( )。
I haven’t bought a ticket yet.
わたしは まだ チケットを ( )。
I ddin’t buy a ticket yesterday.
わたしは きのう チケットを ( )。

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