Quiz :
passive・causative 37-1
N1 は N2 に Passive Form
N1 は N2 に N3 を Passive Form
passive form when feeling victimized
passive form not feeling annoyed
Please express using with a passive form.
1. Someone behind me pushed me.
うしろの ひとが わたしを おしました。
2. Mr.Sato gave Mr.Suzuki many tasks.
さとうさんは すずきさんに たくさん しごとを たのみました。
3. The university selected Ms.Tanaka for outstanding student award.
だいがくは たなかさんを ゆうしゅうしょうに えらびました。
4. My younger brother broken my glasses.
おとうとが わたしの めがねを こわしました。
5. The person next to me made my shirts dirty at a ramen restaurant.
ラーメンやで となりに いた ひとが わたしの シャツを よごしました。
6. My friend played guitar till late night, so I was not able to sleep.
ともだちが よる おそくまで ギターを ひいて、( わたしは ) ねむれませんでした。
7. A man stand in front of me, so I could not see anything.
おとこのひとが まえに たって、なにも みえませんでした。
8. People sing this song all over the world.
Grammar
Noun 1 は Noun 2 に Passive Form
”Noun 1” is affected by the action of ”Noun 2”, and it’s an expression from the side of ”Noun 1”. A subject ( = “Noun 1” ) is a “human”, and “Noun 2” can be something that “moves” ( animal, car etc. ) other than a “human”.
1.
active
( 1 ) pushed ( 2 ).
| Noun ( 2 ) は | Noun ( 1 ) を | おしました |
passive
( 1 ) was pushed by ( 2 ).
| Noun ( 1 ) は | Noun ( 2 ) に | おされました |
・ The teacher called me.
active
sensei [wa] watashi [o] yobi-mashita.
passive
watashi [wa] sensei [ni] yobare-mashita.
・ My dog woke me up.
active
inu [wa] watashi [o] okoshi-mashita.
passive
watashi [wa] inu [ni] okosare-mashita.
2.
active
A asked B for C.
| A は | B に | C を | たのみました |
passive
B was asked by A for C.
| B は | A に | C を | たのまれました |
・ Taro asked Hanako for shopping.
active
tarō [wa] hanako [ni] kaimono [o] tanomi-mashita.
passive
hanako [wa] tarō [ni] kaimono [o] tanomare-mashita.
・ The police asked me my name.
active
keisatsukan [wa] watashi [ni] namae [o] kiki-mashita.
passive
watashi [wa] keisatsukan [ni] namae [o] kikare-mashita.
Passive Form
Noun 1 は Noun 2 に Noun 3 を Passive Form
“Noun 1’s part of body or personal belonging ( = N3 ) is affected by Noun 2. It annoys Noun 1 and Noun 1 feels “I am a victim”.
active
A pushed B’s back.
| A は | B の | せなか を | おしました |
passive
B was pushed B’s back by A.
| B は | A に | せなか を | おされました |
・ The man stole my wallet.
active
otokonohito [ga] watashi [no] saifu [o] tori-mashita.
passive
watashi [wa] otokonohito [ni] saifu [o] torare-mashita.
・ My friend read my diary.
active
tomodachi [ga] watashi [no] nikki [o] yomi-mashita.
passive
watashi [wa] tomodachi [ni] nikki [o] yomare-mashita.
passive for when feeling victimized
You are not directly affected by someone’s action or some event, but it bothers and annoys you. Both transitive verb and intransitive verb can be used in this sentence pattern. ‘Passive of intransitive verb’ is particular to Japanese language, so it is unfamiliar to foreigners. Please learn with example sentences.
active
・ The thief run away.
| どろぼう は | にげました |
passive
・ It annoyed me.
| わたし は | どろぼう に | にげられました |
active
・ My roommates made a lot of noise.
tomodachi [ga] sawagi-mashita.
passive
・ My roommates made a lot of noise, so I could not study.
tomodachi [ni] sawagarete, ( watashi [wa] ) benkyō deki-masendeshita.
active
・ It rained on the day of school trip.
ensoku [no] hi [ni] ame [ga] furi-mashita.
passive
・ It rained on the day of school trip, so we could not go to the sea.
ensoku [no] hi [ni] ame [ni] furarete, umi [ni] ike-masendeshita.
active
・ The lady put the luggage on the seat on the train.
densha [de] onnanohito [ga] seki [ni] nimotsu [o] oki-mashita.
passive
・ The lady put the luggage on the seat on the train, so I could not sit.
densha [de] onnanohito [ni] seki [ni] nimotsu [o] okarete, ( watashi [wa] ) suware-masendeshita.
The subject is “I / we” or “someone you feel emotionally close to”.
active
・ The baby cried.
akachan [ga] naki-mashita.
passive
・ The baby cried, and the mother doesn’t know what to do.
akachan [ni] nakarete, okāsan [wa] komatte-imasu.
note
This expression is used when you feel annoyed.
yoru tomodachi [ni] gitā [o] hikarete, ( watashi [wa] ) nemure-masendeshita.
( My friend played guitar at night, so I was not able to sleep. )
If you feel happy, use ”Verbて-くれます” or “Verbて-もらいます“.
watashi [no] tanjōbi [ni] tomodachi [ga] gitā [o] hīte-kure-mashita.
( My friend played guitar for me on my birthday. )
tomodachi [wa] gitā [ga] totemo jōzu-na-node, ‘party’ [de] hīte-morai-mashita.
( My friend is very good at playing the guitar, so I asked him and he kindly played for my party. )
passive form not feeling annoyed
You use the Passive form to say the facts objectively. This expression doesn’t have feeling of disgust.
It is told a fact that will happen or has happened socially.
sushi [wa] sekaijū [de] taberarete-imasu.
( People eat sushi all over the world. )
It is often not expressed ‘by the person or people who does’.
orinpikku [wa] yonen [ni] ikkai okonaware-masu.
( The Olympic games are held once every four years. )
kono hashi [wa] kyonen tsukurare-mashita.
( This bridge is built last year. )
Let’s say in Japanese !
My mother scolded me.
ははは わたしを おこりました。
The lady stepped my foot on the train.
でんしゃで その おんなのひとは わたしの あしをふみました。
Someone put the bicycle in front of the door, so I was not able to go out.
Wine is made from grapes.
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