Quiz :
conditional 36-1
A + と、B
A + ば、B
A + たら、B
Noun なら
… と / たら、Verbました
どうすればいいですか？
どうしたらいいですか？
Please fill in the blanks.
( The answer is not necessarily only one. )
1.
つぎの しんごうを ひだりに ( )、ゆうびんきょくが あります。
Please turn left at the next traffic light, and you’ll find the post office.
2.
( )、まにあいます。
If you hurry, you can catch the bus.
3.
もし バスが すぐに ( )、タクシーで いきます。
If a bus does not come soon, I’ll go by taxi.
4.
( )、あとで また きます。
If you’re busy now, I’ll come back later.
5.
あした ( )、いっしょに いきませんか？
If you’re free tomorrow, would you like to go with me?
6.
( )、かいます。
If it is 500 Yen, I’ll buy it.
7.
もし もりさんに ( )、らいしゅう あえるかどうか きいてみてください。
If you see Mr.Mori, please ask him if we can meet next week.
8.
もし じかんが ( )、あいにきてください。
If you have time, please come to see me.
9.
くうこうに ( ) でんわ してください。
Please call me when you get to the airport.
10.
A : じてんしゃを かいたいです。
B : じてんしゃ ( )、すずきさんが かってくれるひとを さがしていましたよ。
A : I want to buy a bicycle.
B : If so, Mr.Suzuki was looking for someone to buy his bicycle.
11.
まどの そとを ( )、ゆきが ふっていました。
When I looked out the window, it was snowing.
12.
けいたいでんわを けいやく したいんですが、( )？
I’d like to contract for a mobile phone. What should I do?
Grammar
と・ば・たら・なら
| と to | 1. always happen |
| ば ba | 1. always happen 2. if |
| たら tara | 1. always happen 2. if 3. after |
| なら nara | 4. topic |
A と、B
1. always happen
After something happened or someone did some kind of action, inevitable result follows. The result always happens no matter who does.
suicchi [wa] osu-to, terebi [ga] tsuki-masu.
( When I press the switch, TV is on. )
You can say about natural phenomenon.
hokkaidō [dewa] fuyu [ni] naru-to, yuki [ga] furi-masu.
( In Hokkaido it snows when winter starts. )
It is often used when you give directions to someone.
kono michi [o] massugu iku-to, sūpā [ga] ari-masu.
( If you go straight, you’ll find a supermarket. )
Verb Dictionary Form と
A ば、B
1. always happen
The usage is same as “と”.
suicchi [o] oseba, terebi [ga] tsuki-masu.
( When I press the switch, TV is on. )
hokkaidō [dewa] fuyu [ni] nareba, yuki [ga] furi-masu.
( In Hokkaido it snows when winter starts. )
kono michi [o] massugu ikeba sūpā [ga] ari-masu.
( If you go straight, you’ll find a supermarket. )
2. if …
It means “if … “.
moshi ashita ame [ga] fureba, tsuri [niwa] iki-masen.
( If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go fishing. )
If you fulfill a condition of the first sentence, you can achieve a thing of the following sentence.
megane [o] kakereba, mie-masu.
( If I wear glasses, I can see it. )
hokkaidō [ni] ikeba, sukī [ga] deki-masu.
( If you go to Hokkaido, you can ski. )
note
After a conditional clause using the conditional form (-ば) of “an action verb”, you can not say the expressions of something you want, order or request in the following sentence.
ほっかいどうに いけば、 …
スキーを
スキーを
You can say these expressions with a conditional clause using “-tara(たら) form”.
ほっかいどうに いったら、 …
[OK] スキーを しなさい。
[OK] スキーを してください。
Verb Conditional Form、…
Verb nai Form (い) -ければ、…
i-Adjective (い) -ければ
i-Adjective (ない) -ければ
na-Adjective -なら
na-Adjective -じゃなければ
Noun -なら
Noun -じゃなければ
A たら、B
1. always happen
suicchi [o] oshita-ra, terebi [ga] tsuki-masu.
( When I press the switch, TV is on. )
hokkaidō [dewa] fuyu [ni] natta-ra, yuki [ga] furi-masu.
( In Hokkaido it snows when winter starts. )
kono michi [o] massugu itta-ra, sūpā [ga] ari-masu.
( If you go straight, you’ll find a supermarket. )
2. if …
moshi ashita ame [ga] futta-ra, tsuri [niwa] iki-masen.
( If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go fishing. )
okane [ga] atta-ra, furansu [ni] ryūgaku shi-masu.
( If I had money, I would go to France for studying. )
megane [o] kaketa-ra, mie-masu.
( If I wear glasses, I can see it. )
hokkaidō [ni] itta-ra, sukī [ga] shitai-desu.
( If I go to Hokkaido, I want to ski. )
3. after
It means “after something happened, you have plan to do something”.
bangohan [o] tabeta-ra, shawā [o] abi-masu.
( After I eat dinner, I’m going to take a shower. )
satō-san [ga] kita-ra, kaigi [o] hajime-masu.
( After Ms.Sato came, we’ll start the meeting. )
Verb ta Form ら、
Verb nai Form (い) かったら
i-Adjective(い) -かったら
i-Adjective(ない) -かったら
na-Adjective -だったら
na-Adjective -じゃなかったら
Noun -だったら
Noun -じゃなかったら
Noun なら
4. topic
The topic was brought up by the person you talk to.
“Nounなら” is used to say your personal idea or give some advice about the topic.
nichiyōbi [ni] kyōto [e] iki-masu.
( I’m going to go to Kyoto on Sunday. )
B : きょうとなら、とうふが おいしいですよ。
kyōto-nara, tōfu [ga] oishī-desu [yo].
( If you go to Kyoto, I recommend Tofu. )
… と / たら、Verb ました
I found
As a result of “Clause A”, you found something. “Clause B” is past tense ( Verb-ました ).
doa [o] akeru-to, neko [ga] i-mashita.
ドアを あけたら、ねこが いました。
doa [o] aketa-ra, neko [ga] i-mashita.
( When I opened the door, I found that there is a cat. )
どうすればいいですか？
どうしたらいいですか？
asking for advice
It means “What should I do?”. It is used to ask for advice.
yoyaku [o] kyanseru shitai-n-desu-ga, dōsureba-ī-desuka?
よやくを キャンセル したいんですが、どうしたいいですか？
yoyaku [o] kyanseru shitai-n-desu-ga, dōshitara-ī-desuka?
( I’d like to cancel my booking, but … what should I do? )
Let’s say in Japanese !
Cherry blossoms bloom when spring starts.
If you go by car, you’ll arrive at 6.
If you finish working early, please visit us to my house.
After I graduate from university, I want to work in the US.
A : I’m going to Asakusa.
B : If you go to Asakusa, please try to eat ‘Monja’.
A : あさくさに いくんです。
B : ( ) もんじゃを たべてみてください。
When I opened the curtains, I could see the sea.
I want rent a room, but … what should I do?
へやを かりたいんですが、( )？
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